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1 анкерный спуск
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2 анкерный спуск
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > анкерный спуск
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3 anker
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4 wychwyt kotwicowy
• anchor escapement• lever escapement -
5 Tompion, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]baptized 25 July 1639 Ickwell Green, Englandd. 20 November 1713 London, England[br]English clock-and watchmaker of great skill and ingenuity who laid the foundations of his country's pre-eminence in that field.[br]Little is known about Tompion's early life except that he was born into a family of blacksmiths. When he was admitted into the Clockmakers' Company in 1671 he was described as a "Great Clockmaker", which meant a maker of turret clocks, and as these clocks were made of wrought iron they would have required blacksmithing skills. Despite this background, he also rapidly established his reputation as a watchmaker. In 1674 he moved to premises in Water Lane at the sign of "The Dial and Three Crowns", where his business prospered and he remained for the rest of his life. Assisted by journeymen and up to eleven apprentices at any one time, the output from his workshop was prodigious, amounting to over 5,000 watches and 600 clocks. In his lifetime he was famous for his watches, as these figures suggest, but although they are of high quality they do not differ markedly from those produced by other London watchmakers of that period. He is now known more for the limited number of elaborate clocks that he produced, such as the equation clock and the spring-driven clock of a year's duration, which he made for William III. Around 1711 he took into partnership his nephew by marriage, George Graham, who carried on the business after his death.Although Tompion does not seem to have been particularly innovative, he lived at a time when great advances were being made in horology, which his consummate skill as a craftsman enabled him to exploit. In this he was greatly assisted by his association with Robert Hooke, for whom Tompion constructed a watch with a balance spring in 1675; at that time Hooke was trying to establish his priority over Huygens for this invention. Although this particular watch was not successful, it made Tompion aware of the potential of the balance spring and he became the first person in England to apply Huygens's spiral spring to the balance of a watch. Although Thuret had constructed such a watch somewhat earlier in France, the superior quality of Tompion's wheel work, assisted by Hooke's wheel-cutting engine, enabled him to dominate the market. The anchor escapement (which reduced the amplitude of the pendulum's swing) was first applied to clocks around this time and produced further improvements in accuracy which Tompion and other makers were able to utilize. However, the anchor escapement, like the verge escapement, produced recoil (the clock was momentarily driven in reverse). Tompion was involved in attempts to overcome this defect with the introduction of the dead-beat escapement for clocks and the horizontal escapement for watches. Neither was successful, but they were both perfected later by George Graham.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMaster of the Clockmakers' Company 1703.Bibliography1695, with William Houghton and Edward Barlow, British patent no. 344 (for a horizontal escapement).Further ReadingR.W.Symonds, 1951, Thomas Tompion, His Life and Work, London (a comprehensive but now slightly dated account).H.W.Robinson and W.Adams (eds), 1935, The Diary of Robert Hooke (contains many references to Tompion).D.Howse, 1970, The Tompion clocks at Greenwich and the dead-beat escapement', Antiquarian Horology 7:18–34, 114–33.DV -
6 Graham, George
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]b. c.1674 Cumberland, Englandd. 16 November 1751 London, England[br]English watch-and clockmaker who invented the cylinder escapement for watches, the first successful dead-beat escapement for clocks and the mercury compensation pendulum.[br]Graham's father died soon after his birth, so he was raised by his brother. In 1688 he was apprenticed to the London clockmaker Henry Aske, and in 1695 he gained his freedom. He was employed as a journeyman by Tompion in 1696 and later married his niece. In 1711 he formed a partnership with Tompion and effectively ran the business in Tompion's declining years; he took over the business after Tompion died in 1713. In addition to his horological interests he also made scientific instruments, specializing in those for astronomical use. As a person, he was well respected and appears to have lived up to the epithet "Honest George Graham". He befriended John Harrison when he first went to London and lent him money to further his researches at a time when they might have conflicted with his own interests.The two common forms of escapement in use in Graham's time, the anchor escapement for clocks and the verge escapement for watches, shared the same weakness: they interfered severely with the free oscillation of the pendulum and the balance, and thus adversely affected the timekeeping. Tompion's two frictional rest escapements, the dead-beat for clocks and the horizontal for watches, had provided a partial solution by eliminating recoil (the momentary reversal of the motion of the timepiece), but they had not been successful in practice. Around 1720 Graham produced his own much improved version of the dead-beat escapement which became a standard feature of regulator clocks, at least in Britain, until its supremacy was challenged at the end of the nineteenth century by the superior accuracy of the Riefler clock. Another feature of the regulator clock owed to Graham was the mercury compensation pendulum, which he invented in 1722 and published four years later. The bob of this pendulum contained mercury, the surface of which rose or fell with changes in temperature, compensating for the concomitant variation in the length of the pendulum rod. Graham devised his mercury pendulum after he had failed to achieve compensation by means of the difference in expansion between various metals. He then turned his attention to improving Tompion's horizontal escapement, and by 1725 the cylinder escapement existed in what was virtually its final form. From the following year he fitted this escapement to all his watches, and it was also used extensively by London makers for their precision watches. It proved to be somewhat lacking in durability, but this problem was overcome later in the century by using a ruby cylinder, notably by Abraham Louis Breguet. It was revived, in a cheaper form, by the Swiss and the French in the nineteenth century and was produced in vast quantities.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1720. Master of the Clockmakers' Company 1722.BibliographyGraham contributed many papers to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, in particular "A contrivance to avoid the irregularities in a clock's motion occasion'd by the action of heat and cold upon the rod of the pendulum" (1726) 34:40–4.Further ReadingBritten's Watch \& Clock Maker's Handbook Dictionary and Guide, 1978, rev. Richard Good, 16th edn, London, pp. 81, 84, 232 (for a technical description of the dead-beat and cylinder escapements and the mercury compensation pendulum).A.J.Turner, 1972, "The introduction of the dead-beat escapement: a new document", Antiquarian Horology 8:71.E.A.Battison, 1972, biography, Biographical Dictionary of Science, ed. C.C.Gillespie, Vol. V, New York, 490–2 (contains a résumé of Graham's non-horological activities).DV -
7 анкерный ход
1) Engineering: anchor escapement2) Mechanic engineering: lever escapement3) Makarov: anchor escapement (часов) -
8 ancre
ancre [ɑ̃kʀ]feminine noun* * *ɑ̃kʀnom féminin Nautisme anchorjeter l'ancre — lit to cast anchor; fig to settle down
lever l'ancre — lit to weigh anchor; fig (colloq) to get a move on (colloq)
* * *ɑ̃kʀ nf* * *ancre nf1 Naut anchor; jeter l'ancre lit to cast anchor; fig to settle down; lever l'ancre lit to weigh anchor; fig○ to get a move on○; être à l'ancre to be ou lie ou ride at anchor;ancre de salut or miséricorde sheet anchor.[ɑ̃kr] nom fémininêtre à l'ancre to ride ou to lie at anchora. (sens propre) to cast ou to drop anchorallez, on lève l'ancre! (familier & figuré) come on, let's go! -
9 scappamento
m technology exhaust* * *scappamento s.m.1 (di gas, vapore) escape3 (ferr.) blast pipe* * *[skappa'mento]sostantivo maschile1) mot. exhaust2) (di orologio) escapement* * *scappamento/skappa'mento/sostantivo m.1 mot. exhaust; tubo di scappamento exhaust (pipe)2 (di orologio) escapement. -
10 штифтовый анкерный ход
1) Engineering: pin pallet escapement2) Mechanic engineering: pin anchor escapementУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > штифтовый анкерный ход
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11 спуск
( воды) blowoff, discharging, chute, descent, drain, descending grade, down grade, falling grade, (напр. бурового долота в скважину) run, running-in* * *спуск м.1. ( движение вниз) descentдопуска́ть к спу́ску в ша́хту — be allowed to go underground2. ( уклон) downgradeпреодолева́ть спуск при торможе́нии дви́гателем авто — move downgrade against the engine3. ( устройство типа лотка или жёлоба) chute4. (выпуск, сброс, разгрузка) discharge, release5. полигр. imposition6. час. escapement7. (судна, катера и т. п. на воду) launchingа́нкерный спуск — anchor escapementвинтово́й спуск — spiral chuteспуск в сква́жину — trip in the holeотбира́ть не́сколько образцо́в за оди́н спуск в сква́жину — collect several samples on a single trip in the roleдо́нный спуск — bottom dischargeспуск доро́ги — falling gradientспуск запру́женной воды́ — release of impounded waterспуск затво́ра кфт. — shutter releaseкруто́й спуск — steep descentли́вневый спуск — gully, gutterнаискоре́йший спуск ( в градиентных методах оптимизации) — steepest descent (in the gradient methods of optimization)плани́рующий спуск ав. — gliding descentпожа́рный спуск — tube-fire escapeспуск по спира́ли ав. — spiral descentспира́льный спуск — spiral chuteспуск сто́чных вод — discharge of sewageспуск фа́ски полигр. — bevellingспуск шла́ка — (slag) flush(ing), slag run-off, slag removal -
12 ankkurihillike
technology• anchor escapementtechnology• lever escapement -
13 анкерный механизм
Русско-английский словарь по машиностроению > анкерный механизм
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14 анкерный спуск
Engineering: anchor escapement -
15 ankergang
( i ur) anchor escapement. -
16 ankergang
subst. [ i ur] anchor escapement, lever movement -
17 ankerverk
subst. anchor escapement, lever movement -
18 áncora
f.shelter, haven.* * *(Takes el in singular)1 anchor* * *SF anchoráncora de salvación — sheet anchor, last hope
* * *femenino‡1) (Náut) anchor2) ( de reloj) escapement* * *femenino‡1) (Náut) anchor2) ( de reloj) escapement* * *f‡A ( Náut) anchorCompuesto:B (de un reloj) escapement* * *Literario1. [ancla] anchor2. [salvación] sheet anchor* * *f anchor -
19 крючковой ход с отходом назад
Mechanic engineering: escapement anchor recoil escapementУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > крючковой ход с отходом назад
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20 Anker
m1. anchor2. armature3. brace4. guy5. leverm[in Elektromotor, Generator]1. armature2. rotorm[Relais](relais) palletm[Uhr]escapeescapement
См. также в других словарях:
Anchor escapement — Anchor escapement. The anchor and escape wheel of a late 19th century clock … Wikipedia
Anchor escapement — An chor es*cape ment (Horol.) (a) The common recoil escapement. (b) A variety of the lever escapement with a wide impulse pin. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
anchor escapement — noun : a clock escapement employing an anchor shaped pallet piece which causes the escape wheel to recoil slightly upon the locking action of each arm of the anchor * * * Horol. an escapement in which wedge shaped pallets engage with an escape… … Useful english dictionary
anchor escapement — Horol. an escapement in which wedge shaped pallets engage with an escape wheel having pointed teeth, usually facing in the direction of revolution, so that the escape wheel recoils slightly at every release. Also called recoil escapement. See… … Universalium
anchor escapement — noun a form of escapement in clocks and watches in which the teeth of the crown wheel or balance wheel act on the pallets by recoil … English new terms dictionary
Escapement — redirects here. For the fisheries term for the stock surviving fishing pressures over a spawning cycle, see Spawn (biology). For other uses, see Escapement (disambiguation). A deadbeat escapement, used in many pendulum clocks. Click above to see… … Wikipedia
Escapement — Es*cape ment, n. [Cf. F. [ e]chappement. See {Escape}.] 1. The act of escaping; escape. [R.] [1913 Webster] 2. Way of escape; vent. [R.] [1913 Webster] An escapement for youthful high spirits. G. Eliot. [1913 Webster] 3. The contrivance in a… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
anchor recoil escapement — anchor escapement or anchor recoil escapement noun A clock escapement in which the pallets push the escape wheel slightly backwards at the end of each swing, causing a recoil of the pendulum • • • Main Entry: ↑anchor … Useful english dictionary
escapement — /i skayp meuhnt/, n. 1. Horol. the portion of a watch or clock that measures beats and controls the speed of the going train. Cf. anchor escapement, deadbeat (def. 1), lever escapement. 2. a mechanism for regulating the motion of a typewriter… … Universalium
Anchor watch — Watch Watch (w[o^]ch), n. [OE. wacche, AS. w[ae]cce, fr. wacian to wake; akin to D. wacht, waak, G. wacht, wache. [root]134. See {Wake}, v. i. ] [1913 Webster] 1. The act of watching; forbearance of sleep; vigil; wakeful, vigilant, or constantly… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
anchor watch — Watch Watch (w[o^]ch), n. [OE. wacche, AS. w[ae]cce, fr. wacian to wake; akin to D. wacht, waak, G. wacht, wache. [root]134. See {Wake}, v. i. ] [1913 Webster] 1. The act of watching; forbearance of sleep; vigil; wakeful, vigilant, or constantly… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English